Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD
Adults are usually not diagnosed until they have major problems at home, at work or at school. Health care professionals adhere to the diagnostic criteria in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5).
A full evaluation includes ADHD symptom checklists and standardized behavior rating scales. Health professionals inquire about the family history and review old school records.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD symptoms can impact the way a person lives their life regardless of whether they are at home, school or at work. adhd diagnosis in adults uk can cause problems in relationships and careers, financial issues or even a driver's permit. They can also trigger emotional distress. It's normal for people to struggle with concentration or staying organized from time to time however, if it becomes an ongoing problem that affects daily functioning, a health provider may be able to determine ADHD.
To be able to diagnose someone with ADHD A health professional must assess the person in at least two different settings, which could include the workplace, school, and social situations. The health care professional has to be observing the person for a minimum of six months and determine whether the symptoms are affecting their ability to perform. The symptoms should also have begun before the age 12 years. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They are often unable to wait for their turn, and frequently interrupt or interfere with others.
Children with inattention ADHD have difficulty following instructions and staying focused or sitting still. They are often daydreaming or easily distracted. They are more likely to be missed and miss out on learning opportunities, especially in the elementary school setting which could set for them to fail later in their lives.
The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have a difficult time waiting for their turn or settling down. They also have trouble managing their emotions.
It's a relief to receive an diagnosis of ADHD, but it is not always simple. It's fine to be embarrassed. However honesty is the best approach. For many, a diagnosis may be the first time they've realized their struggles have a name. This knowledge will help them alter the way they view themselves, resulting in positive changes.
Diagnosis
ADHD symptoms can manifest at different times in both adults and children. In children, symptoms usually begin in the middle of elementary school. For adults, it is a bit later. The symptoms could be mild, moderate or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some instances the condition could be misdiagnosed as autistic or a mood disorder like anxiety or depression.
Consult your doctor if your child or teenager exhibits symptoms of ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body, including audio and vision tests to ensure that there is no other issue. They will ask you and your child to complete a checklist of their symptoms. They will inquire about what the effects of their symptoms are on their school and family life. They will also want you to tell them about any problems that you have had previously.
For adults, a medical professional who is certified to diagnose ADHD will conduct the process of conducting clinical interviews, as well as behavior rating scales or checklists of symptoms to determine if they meet the criteria for diagnosis. Psychological tests may be used to determine your cognitive abilities, as well as how you think and process information. They might also do a brain scan using the Neuropsychiatric EEG Assessment Aid (NEBA) that is FDA-approved. (NEBA) which analyzes the activity of specific areas of your brain that regulate the ability to focus and the ability to be impulsive.
In addition, they will review your medical history to see whether you've suffered from any other mental health problems or injuries, such as head trauma or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. They might refer you for a thorough evaluation to psychiatrists or psychologists.
To get a diagnosis of ADHD you must exhibit a minimum of six or more signs that began in childhood or prior to the age of 12. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be causing serious difficulties in your daily life. Adults must have a lower threshold to be diagnosed, however the same criteria apply: You must have a minimum of five or more symptoms and they must affect your work, home and social life.
Treatment
Treatment aims to improve symptoms and restore functioning at home, work and school. There are many treatments available, including medication and behavior therapy. Some people find success through lifestyle changes such as using planners, notebooks and arranging tasks in advance. Certain people might benefit from treatments for learning disabilities like metacognitive therapy which assists them in improving their problem-solving and organizational abilities or cognitive behavioral therapy which targets thinking distortions, leading to depression and low self-esteem.
Health professionals who are specially trained to recognize ADHD can suggest the most effective treatment plan for a person's situation. They will evaluate the symptoms of the patient, and when they are an adult, their school and childhood experiences. They will use clinical interviews, behavior rating scales and symptoms checklists to determine if the person meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD. They may also take an examination of a family history of mental health issues and physical ailments. They'll ask the individual as well as their parents and teachers about their moods and behaviors and about how they've changed over time.
A diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the presence of six or more symptoms that start before age 12 and can cause problems in two or more settings (home school, social situations). The symptoms must be present for at least six months. In addition, the symptoms must be more severe than expected for someone of that age.
There are no brain scans or blood tests to diagnose ADHD however an exam for medical reasons is usually done to make sure there's no other issue with the individual. Doctors will look over the patient's symptoms and medical and mental background and may recommend an eye examination or hearing test. Some people with ADHD are genetically predisposed to develop the condition. If the person has a parent or sibling with ADHD, they have about 91% of the chance of being diagnosed with the disorder. It is also common to have a comorbid mood anxiety disorder with ADHD. These conditions can be more difficult to manage than ADHD by itself.
Prevention
Many things, like certain medical conditions, as well as learning disabilities, can trigger symptoms similar to those associated with ADHD. Therefore, it's essential to visit your health care provider or mental health professional for an evaluation before making an assessment. The person you see will inquire about your child's symptoms and how they affect their daily life. They can also utilize rating scales or a checklist to help determine if your child suffers from ADHD. They can also conduct a physical examination and test for hearing or visual issues. They may also request an EEG brain scan that evaluates beta and theta wave activity to check on changes in your child's brain function.
To be considered a child with ADHD they must display several symptoms that are more prominent than the norm for their age or development level. Inattention, hyperactivity, and/or an impulsive behavior can create serious issues at home, school, or work. The symptoms also need to interfere with your child's social interactions. If your child is suffering from moderate or severe ADHD They will require medication in order to lead an ordinary life.
Children with ADHD are often unable to follow instructions and stay on task which can result in low self-esteem and poor grades. They may also have difficulty in social relationships because they aren't able to discern social cues. They frequently interrupt others and can appear aggressive or intense. They are susceptible to anxiety, depression as well as substance abuse and relationship issues.
People who suffer from mild ADHD have symptoms that are apparent but they do not hinder their daily life or make it difficult to maintain relationships or work. People with severe or moderate ADHD are more prone to symptoms and are more likely to suffer problems with work, for example, having difficulty retaining jobs, interacting with colleagues or maintaining relationships.
Patients who do not receive treatment can have grave consequences, including health issues, financial troubles and legal issues. There are adhd in adults diagnosis of treatments available for ADHD. These include psychosocial interventions, nutrition and diet, exercise, sleep improvement, and even medications. NIMH offers more information on these options and how you can talk with your family about these options.